Module 1: Introduction and Earthing Basics
- Objectives of earthing
- Defining earthing
- Principle of earthing
Module 2: Components of Earthing Systems
- Earth electrode (rods, tapes, etc.)
- Main earthing terminals or bars
- Earthing conductors
- Protective conductors
- Equipotential bonding conductors
Module 3: Types of Earthing and Earthing Systems
- Solid-earthed neutral
- Unearthed neutral
- Resistance-earthed neutral. Low-resistance earthing. High-resistance earthing.
- Reactance-earthed neutral
- Using earthing transformers
- MEN system
Module 4: Substation Earthing
- Need of earthing in substation
- Earthing of insulator
- Earthing of current transformer
- Earthing of isolator
- Earthing design
Module 5: Earthing in UPS
- Points to be taken care while earthing UPS
- Transformer-based/transformer-less UPS with bypass
- Transformer-based UPS without bypass
- Transformer-less UPS without bypass
- UPS with Isolated bypass
Module 6: Lightning Physics and Effects
- The physics of lightning
- Effect of lightning strike on objects on the ground
- Indirect effects of lightning
- Effect of lightning strike on electrical installation
Module 7: Introduction To Lightning
- Lightning protection basics
- Lightning protection system for a building or structure
- Lightning detection and warning systems
- Role of grounding in lightning protection systems
Module 8: Safety Regulations and Standards
- Human safety aspects
- Importance of lightning detection
- Standards and Codes of Practice
- Risk of lightning strike – statistics
- Risk assessment approach
- Personnel safety measures against lightning strike
Module 9: Lightning Protection of Structures
- Basics of lightning protection of structures
- Lightning protection levels
- Lightning protection system design approach
- Main components of a lightning protection system
- Materials used in lightning protection systems
Module 10: Lightning Protection of Electrical Lines and Substations
- Effect of lightning strike on electrical installations
- Protection of electrical lines
- Protection of electrical substations
Module 11: Surge Protection
- Surges and surge protection
- Principle of surge protection
- Surge protection devices
- Positioning and selection of lightning/surge arrestor
Module 12: Maintenance of Lightning Protection Systems
- Introduction to lightning protection systems maintenance
- Need for maintenance
- Maintenance activities
- Review questions/exercises